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| Females And Males React Differently To Changes In Visual Presentation |
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| SciMed - Neuroscience | |||
| TS-Si News Service | |||
| Friday, 14 May 2010 15:00 | |||
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Indianapolis, IN, USA. A study by researchers at the Indiana University School of Informatics explores how appearance, motion quality and other characteristics of computer-generated characters may impact the moral and ethical decisions of their viewers. [cf. Note] Virtual humans are increasingly taking on roles that were once reserved for real humans. The findings scheduled for the MIT journal Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, show that the decisions of men were strongly affected by presentational aspects of the simulated woman, while women's decisions were not. The fact that males and females react differently to changes in a character's visual presentation could impact the design of future systems created to facilitate medical decision-making, crime reenactments and many other scenarios.
London, United Kingdom. New findings argue for the persistence of sex-linked chromosomes, such as the male Y  chromosome, refuting theories that the Y is doomed to extinction.
The results confirm that although these chromosom...
"Much evidence has accumulated showing that nonverbal behavior can have a profound impact on human judgment in ways we are hardly aware of and this research extends that work to the digital realm. This work demonstrates that presentational factors influence people's decisions, including decisions of moral and ethical consequence, presumably without their realizing it." In the research study, a simulated female character presented participants with an ethical dilemma that is related to sexual conduct and marital infidelity. The character's human photorealism and corresponding motion quality were varied in four different ways. The changes had no significant effect on female viewers, while male viewers were much more likely to rule against the character when her visual appearance was obviously computer generated and her movements were jerky. "Although it is difficult to generalize, I think the general trend is that both men and women are more sympathetic to real human characters than to simulated human characters. So I think the women were mainly influenced by the moral dilemma itself, and they may have felt more empathetic concern for the character, because they could better imagine what it would be like to be in the same situation," said MacDorman. "The human interface is the most natural interface for us to use for communication, because it is the interface we know best. There are many potential applications for simulated human characters as a communication interface. As we come to a better scientific understanding of how nonverbal behavior can be used to influence people without their knowing it, we will also need to consider how it might be exploited by humans who create virtual characters," said MacDorman. "If it is used to manipulate people into taking a course of action they might not otherwise take, such as buying more products or adhering to medical or behavioral advice, that clearly raises ethical concerns. Technology should not be used in ways that diminish human autonomy," MacDorman concluded. NoteThe Indiana University School of Informaticshttp://informatics.iupui.edu/ at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Informatics, focused on the study of information, is a broad field that encompasses information science, information technology, algorithms, and social science.
FundingThis study was funded by an IUPUI Signature Center and Research Investment Funds grant. A future study with a simulated male character is planned. ,/p>
CitationGender Differences in the Impact of Presentational Factors in Human Character Animation on Decisions of Ethical Consequence. Karl F. MacDorman, Joseph A. Coram, Chin-Chang Ho, and Himalaya Patel. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 2010; 19(3). tapraid4/z92-psen/z92-psen/z9200310/z922138-10a
Download PDF Abstract Simulated humans in computer interfaces are increasingly taking on roles that were once reserved for real humans. The presentation of simulated humans is affected by their appearance, motion quality, and interactivity. These presentational factors can influence the decisions of those who interact with them. This is of concern to interface designers and users alike, because these decisions often have moral and ethical consequences. However, the impact of presentational factors on decisions in ethical dilemmas has not been explored. This study is intended as a first effort toward filling this gap. In a between-groups experiment, a female character presented participants with an ethical dilemma. The character’s human photorealism and motion quality were varied to generate four stimulus conditions: real human versus computer-generated character ! fluid versus jerky movement. The results indicate that the stimulus condition had no significant effect on female participants, while male participants were significantly more likely to rule against the character when her visual appearance was computer generated and her movements were jerky.
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