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Wednesday, 08 September 2010 11:49 |
Investigating the link between pulp mill effluent and endocrine disruption: Attempts to explain the presence of intersex fish in the Wabigoon River, Ontario, Canada.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2010 Apr;29(4):952-965
Authors: Pollock MS, Dubé MG, Schryer R
The ability of some pulp mill effluents (PME) to act as reproductive and endocrine disrupters in fish is well documented in the literature. However, changes are not always consistent with regard to species, gender, hormones, or reproductive effects. In the present study, the presence of the first intersexed fish that, to our knowledge, has been found in a Canadian river exposed to PME, is reported. A field survey of the Wabigoon River near Dryden, Ontario, in the fall of 2000 found intersexed walleye (Sander vitreus vitreus) with significantly altered  hormone levels and reduced gonad size. The Wabigoon River receives discharge from a bleached kraft pulp and paper mill and a municipal wastewater (MWW) plant. It also has historical sediment contamination (wood fiber mats) contributing to extended periods of low dissolved oxygen under low flow, drought conditions. A mesocosm-based partial life cycle test exposing fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to reference water, 20% effluent volume to river volume (v/v), 40% (v/v), or 60% (v/v) PME as well as a field survey of the walleye in the Wabigoon River were conducted. The only change in our mesocosm exposure was a decrease in testosterone in males with increasing effluent concentration and vitellogenin induction in males exposed to 60% (v/v) effluent. These results did not reflect the magnitude of endocrine disruption seen in the wild fish survey. Several hypotheses that may explain these discrepancies are proposed. Specifically, evidence is offered from published studies indicating that either hypoxia or MWW, alone or in combination with PME, may explain the discrepancy between our field experiment and the wild fish survey. The present study illustrates the complexities of multistressor receiving environments and the need for the development of cumulative effects assessment approaches. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:952-965. (c) 2010 SETAC.
PMID: 20821526 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
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Last Updated on Wednesday, 08 September 2010 11:49 |
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Wednesday, 08 September 2010 11:48 |
Fibrocystic disease of liver and pancreas; under-recognized features of the X-linked ciliopathy oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OFD I).
Am J Med Genet A. 2010 Sep 3;
Authors: Chetty-John S, Piwnica-Worms K, Bryant J, Bernardini I, Fischer RE, Heller T, Gahl WA, Gunay-Aygun M
OFD I is an X-linked dominant male-lethal ciliopathy characterized by prominent external features including oral clefts, hamartomas or cysts of the tongue, and digital anomalies. Although these external features are easy to recognize and often lead to diagnosis in early childhood, visceral findings in OFD I, especially the fibrocystic liver and pancreas disease, are under-recognized. In addition, while the occurrence of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in OFD I is well known, few patients are evaluated and monitored for this complication. We report on two adult females diagnosed with OFD I in infancy, but not evaluated for visceral involvement. In adulthood, they were incidentally found to have severe hypertension and chronic renal insufficiency due to undiagnosed PKD. A pancreatic cystic lesion, also discovered incidentally, was thought to be malignant and led to consideration of major surgery. We present NIH evaluations, including documentation of OFD I mutations, extreme beading of the intrahepatic bile ducts, pancreatic cysts, and tabulate features of reported OFD I cases having hepatic, pancreatic, and renal cystic disease. Liver and pancreas are not routinely evaluated in OFD I patients. Increased awareness and lifelong monitoring of visceral complications, particularly involving the liver, pancreas, and kidney, are essential for timely and accurate treatment. Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 20818665 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
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Last Updated on Wednesday, 08 September 2010 11:48 |
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Friday, 03 September 2010 17:55 |
Development of Romantic Relationships and Sexual Activity in Young Adults With Cerebral Palsy: A Longitudinal Study.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Sep;91(9):1423-1428
Authors: Wiegerink DJ, Stam HJ, Gorter JW, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Roebroeck ME,
Wiegerink DJ, Stam HJ, Gorter JW, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Roebroeck ME, Transition Research Group Southwest Netherlands. Development of romantic relationships and sexual activity in young adults with cerebral palsy: a longitudinal study. OBJECTIVES: To describe the development of romantic relationships and sexual activity of young adults with cerebral palsy (CP), to investigate whether this development is associated with demographic and physical characteristics, and to compare the sexual activity of this group with an age-appropriate Dutch reference population. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study with 3 biannual assessments. SETTING: Eight rehabilitation centers and departments in the southwestern regions of The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Young adults (N=103; 61 men, 42 women) with CP without cognitive disabilities (age range at first assessment, 16-20y; 82% Gross Motor Function Classification System level I or II). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sexual interest, romantic relationships, and sexual activity. RESULTS: We observed a significant increase in dating in young adults with CP during the 4-year period; however, the experience in romantic relationships did not increase largely during this period. Young adults with a lower education level began dating later than those with higher levels. Significantly more women were in current romantic relationships than men. During the 4 years, participants' sexual experience increased significantly for all sexual milestones evaluated. Level of gross motor function was associated significantly with intercourse experience. Compared with an age-appropriate Dutch reference population, young adults with CP participated at a lower level in romantic relationships and sexual activities, but had equal sexual interest at the final assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Young ambulatory adults with CP had similar sexual interests and had increasing experiences with romantic relationships and sexual activities during the transition from late adolescence to young adulthood. However, the percentage of young adults with CP in current romantic relationships was low, especially for men.
PMID: 20801262 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
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Last Updated on Friday, 03 September 2010 17:55 |
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Friday, 03 September 2010 17:55 |
Comparing adult and adolescent transsexuals: An MMPI-2 and MMPI-A study.
Psychiatry Res. 2010 Aug 27;
Authors: de Vries AL, Kreukels BP, Steensma TD, Doreleijers TA, Cohen-Kettenis PT
Sex, sexual orientation and age have been shown to be important in relation to psychological functioning in transsexuals. However, only few studies to date took these factors into account and not earlier have adolescent transsexuals participated. In this study the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2 or MMPI-A, respectively) was administered to 293 adults (207 male to female transsexuals (MtFs), mean age 38.04 (range 18.56-65.62) and 86 female to male transsexuals (FtMs), mean age 33.26 (range 18.95-64.30)) and 83 adolescents (43 MtFs, mean age 15.70 (range 13.16-18.70) and 40 FtMs, mean age 15.64 (range 13.05-18.56)) with a gender identity disorder (GID). Of adult MtFs, 33% were categorized as "homosexuals" and 66% as "non-homosexuals". Of adult FtMs, 77% were categorized as "homosexuals" and 33% as "non-homosexuals". Adult FtMs functioned significantly better than MtFs on three clinical scales. Contrary to what is often assumed, no differences in psychological functioning were found in the adult transsexuals with regard to sexual orientation, except on one clinical scale. Most remarkably, significantly more adults with GID scored in the clinical range on two or more clinical scales than adolescents with GID. Therefore, early medical intervention may be recommendable for adolescents with GID.
PMID: 20801524 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
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Last Updated on Friday, 03 September 2010 17:55 |
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